D1 & D2 PNF patterns upper extremity

Introduction Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a therapeutic approach that involves stimulating proprioceptors (like the muscle spindle and Golgi Tendon Organs) along with other sensory stimuli (visual, tactile, or verbal) at the start (i.e., during the cognitive phase of motor learning) and progressively reducing them as learning proceeds. Fundamentals of PNF Principles are stimuli used…